“自然”的两种涵义与《文心雕龙》的“自然”文学论

Two Connotations of "the Nature" and the Natural Literary Theory of The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

"自然"是道家和玄学基本的思想概念,魏晋以来在玄学的影响下,"自然"被用于文学艺术批评中,成为重要的文学理论范畴。但是由于道家和玄学的自然观存在歧义,因此,以之为思想基础的文学范畴之"自然"也相应地具有不同的内涵,这一点在《文心雕龙》中得到明显的体现。从《文心雕龙》的理论结构来看,"自然"具有"自然之道"的文学本源论与"自然雕饰"的艺术论两种基本内涵,对这两种"自然"之间关系的处理是刘勰文学理论建构的一个基本课题。以"自然之道"的文学本源论为基础,而使"雕缛成体"的文学艺术具有自然之本质,是《文心雕龙》建构"自然"文学理论的基本思路,刘勰以体用结合的思想方法实现了文学的"自然"与"雕饰"之间的整合,深化了传统的自然文学论的内蕴。

＂ The nature＂ is a basic ideological concept of Taoism and metaphysics. Influenced by metaphysics, ＂the nature＂ became an important literary theoretical category since the Wei Period and the Jin Dynasty. But as a result of the difference between Taoist and metaphysic views towards ＂the Nature＂, their literary theoretical categories had different connotations towards ＂the Nature＂. This viewpoint was obviously manifested in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons by Liu Xie. ＂The nature＂ had such two kinds of basic connotations as the theory of literary origin which was characterized with ＂the way of the Nature＂ and the artistic theory which was characterized with ＂natural decoration＂. To handle the relationship between these two kinds of connotations towards ＂the Nature＂ was a basic subject for Liu Xie to construct his literary theory. Influenced by metaphysic thinking, Liu Xie integrated the two kinds of connotations towards ＇＂ the nature＂ and deepened the traditional natural literary theory.