摘要
从当前国内外对疏浚物倾倒海洋后所产生的环境影响研究现状出发,就研究历史产生影响的生物、物理、化学过程,现场监测技术,疏浚物处理新技术的应用等方面的研究作了全面评述,这对港口、航道部门的疏浚土处理和防止海洋环境污染具有参考应用价值。
Recently, rapid increase in the international trad is shmulating the fast developmnt of port all over the worid, resulting in severe marine pollution. of the port productive activities,dredging for constwtion or maintenance of dock and navigation channel is usually the most significant cause of marine environmellt pollution. Systematic researeh on the environrnental effect of dredging began at the eary of the 1970's when the U. S. Army corps of Engineer sared its research proects at pear haor, New York Haror and Tempa habor. These researehes demonstrated the effects of the disposal of the dredged material on vdrious marine enviroriment elements such as sea water movement sea floor topograph, tubitidy water quality, marine orgamsms and mallne ecology. These pioneer researeh projects have provided very useful references in terms of prachcal appications, for the inveshgation into pre-disposal environment, environment monitoring during disposal and postdisposal, pollution prediction, dredging procedure, and disposal methods. At Rotterdam habor of the Netherlands, the biggest port in the worid with an annual disposal of redged material of 23 x 10 6 m3, researeh on the mallne environment effect of the dredging was initiated at the eary 1980's and lasts until today. Similar researches are also conduted in Canada,Italy and China as well as in some other countries. These researehes have indicated that the main shortterm physical effect of dredged material disposal on the mdrine environment is the overiny on benthos, longwtcrm physical effect is difficult to evaluatc. The retrieving hme of benthos after disposal depends largely on the physical-chemical proper-ties of the dredged materials, water depth and water movement wiffon the disposal area. Correct eshmation and assessment of the chemical effect is shll a big challenge. In general, it is significanhy influenced by the physical diffusion ablity of the disposal area. The researches also indicate that mathematical modeling is a very useful tool in the predication of the environmental effects of dredging. The extensive investigations into mis issue have greaily helped people to understand and recoghize the environment effect of the thedged marerial as a somee of second-pollution. Future research of the environment effect of dredging will be the analysis of the chemical effect of dredged material, including the release and the diffusion processes of the chemical substances in seawarer. It is necessary to establish a low-cost long-term field mohitoring system and the relevant labothery techniques, develop new disposal tectrique for dredged material, establish a standard norm in the assessment of environment effect and find ways to contro direclly the firstpollution occurring in port.
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第4期460-464,共5页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金!49471065