北京市顺义区1起学校水痘暴发疫情的流行病学调查

Epidemiological Investigation on an Outbreak of Varicella in School in Shunyi District of Beijing

目的分析北京市顺义区俸伯小学水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征及发生原因,为完善学校水痘防控策略提供科学依据。方法对2009年北京市顺义区俸伯小学水痘暴发疫情的临床诊断病例进行流行病学个案调查,分析流行病学特征,同时查询水痘预防接种记录,分析暴发的危险因素,计算疫苗保护率。结果自2009年3月10日—6月12日共出现28例水痘病例,罹患率达3.84%;5月7—12日的1周内集中出现了13例,达到发病高峰;730名学生中,94.25%(688/730)在暴发前无水痘患病史,64.93%(474/730)有水痘疫苗接种史。结论低接种率、免疫时间较长和缺乏及时的报告隔离制度,是此次水痘暴发的主要危险因素。提高学生水痘接种率,改善水痘监测系统,对预防水痘暴发具有重要意义。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and causes of varicella outbreak in Fengbo Primary School of Shunyi District in Beijing,provide a scientific basis for improvement of prevention and control strategies of varicella.[Methods]The epidemiological case investigation was conducted in clinical diagnosed cases of varicella outbreak in Fengbo Primary School of Shunyi District in Beijing in 2009,and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed.Meanwhile,varicella vaccination records were searched,the risk-factors were analyzed,and the protective rate of vaccine was calculated.[Results]From March 10 to June 12 in 2009,there were 28 cases of varicella,and the attack rate reached 3.84%.13 cases occurred in peak week of May 7-12.Among 730 students,95.62%（698/730） had no history of varicella before outbreak,and 64.93%（474/730）had history of varicella vaccination.[Conclusion]The main risk factors of this varicella outbreak included low vaccination rates,long immune time and lack of timely reporting system.It is important to increase the vaccination rate among students and improve surveillance system of varicella in prevention of the varicella outbreak.