初产妇妊娠期疲劳状况及相关因素分析

Primipara＇ s fatigue status during pregnancy and analysis of the related factors

目的探讨初产妇妊娠期疲劳状况及其主要相关因素，为进一步采取相应的干预措施减轻初产妇疲劳程度提供一定依据。方法采用描述性研究设计，用一般资料量表、疲劳自评量表（FSAS）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）、特制应对方式问卷（TCSQ）、妊娠压力量表对北京市某三级甲等医院产前门诊就诊的150例初产妇进行问卷调查。结果初产妇妊娠期疲劳处于轻度水平，且睡眠和（或）休息后疲劳得到不同程度的缓解；年龄、孕周，怀孕期间的体重增长情况等一般资料与疲劳各因子分和疲劳总分有不同程度的差异（P〈0．05）；一般自我效能感与疲劳呈负相关（P〈0．05）；消极的应对方式、妊娠压力与初产妇疲劳状态呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论在孕期健康教育和心理辅导过程中，专业人员应关注年龄、孕周较大，体重增长多快、过多，存在妊娠并发症和（或）合并症及近半年有负性事件发生的初产妇，开展早期干预工作，培养初产妇的一般自我效能感，鼓励其采取积极应对方式，降低妊娠压力，从而减轻初产妇妊娠期的疲劳程度。

Objective To investigate primipara＇ s fatigue status during pregnancy and the major related factors, provide basis for relevant intervention measures. Methods A total of 150 primiparas from a top-notched hospital in Beijing were investigated by using General Fatigue Self-assessment Scale （FSAS） , Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES）, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire （TCSQ） and Pregnancy Pressure Scale （PPS）. Results Primipara＇ s fatigue status was at a mild level, and could be relieved by sleep or rest; Age, gestational age and weight gain during pregnancy had different degrees of relevance with the score of FSAS（ P 〈 0. 05） ; Primipara＇ s fatigue was negatively relate to the general self-efficacy （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; Primipara＇ s fatigue was positively relate to positive coping,pregnancy pressure（P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions The health education and pregnancy counseling for the primipara should be strengthened. And we should pay attention to primipara with fast weight gain, old gestational age and pregnancy complications. Further more, primipara should be encouraged to adopt positive coping, cultivate self-efficacy and reduce pregnancy stress by using early period intervention, which could help to reduce fatigue during pregnancy.