524名医科大学新生抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Study on depression and relative factors in 524 cases of medical university freshmen

目的研究医科大学新生抑郁现况及存在的主要问题,为干预实验提供依据。方法研究对象包括整群抽取的某医科大学预防医学和临床医学的新生共524人。被试填写自编调查表和心理量表,后者包括抑郁量表、社会适应能力测验、简易应对方式问卷、人际关系测验和自尊量表。结果女生的抑郁量表得分显著高于男生,提示女生的心理健康状况比男生差。不同专业及是否独生子女的抑郁量表得分差异无统计学意义。回归分析结果表明,随着社会适应能力测验、人际关系测验、积极应对方式和自尊测验总得分的增高,医科大学新生的抑郁量表测验得分明显降低;相反,随着消极应对方式总得分的增高,医科大学新生的抑郁量表总得分明显增高。结论应加强对医科大学女性新生的心理健康教育干预。在干预过程中应注重心理健康多纬度的特点。

Objective To understand the status and main problems of depression in freshmen of a medical university,so as to provide the evidence for intervention.Methods The subjects sampled by cluster sampling included 524 first-year students of clinical medicine and preventive medicine in a medical university and they were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire and psychological scales including a depression scale,social adaptation capacity test,simple coping style questionnaire,interpersonal relation test,and self-esteem.Results The depression score in girls was higher than that in boys,which indicated that the mental health status in girls was worse than that in boys,but there were no significant differences between different majors or singleton and non-singleton.The results of regression analysis showed that when the total score of social adaptation,interpersonal relations,positive coping and self-esteem increased,the total score of depression decreased.In contrast,when the total score of negative coping increased,the total score of depression also increased.Conclusions The mental health education in girl medical university freshmen should be strengthened,and the multiple characteristics of mental health should be addressed in the intervention process.