中国稀土的国际定价地位研究

Analysis on International Pricing Role of Chinese Rare Earth

我国是世界上最大的稀土生产和储备国,占全球稀土出口50%以上的市场份额。但由于定价权的缺失,我国稀土出口对国际价格影响微弱,总量上的"大国"优势并未转化为现实的贸易利得,呈现出"福利恶化型增长"。总量看,稀土国际进出口市场均存在明显的寡头垄断性,但进口方微观市场影响力的强大使国际稀土处于买方市场状态。因此,我国应注重稀土的长远发展和行业集中度,增强企业实力,从微观层面上掌控稀土国际定价的主导权。

China is the biggest rare earth producer and reserve country in the world,and it possesses over 50% market share of the global rare earth export.But because of absence in pricing power,Chinese rare earth export have made little effect on international prices of rare earth,the big country advantage of total quantity hasn’t transform into real trade benefit,and it shows immiserizing growth.It has distinct character of import and export oligopoly from total quantity,but the importers have strong micro-market force which makes international market of rare earth in the state of buyer market.So,China should pay much attention to the long-term development and industry concentration of rare earth,strengthen the ability of enterprises,grasp the leading power of international pricing on rare earth.