杀配子染色体2C诱导小麦畸变的细胞学分析

Cytologic analysis of wheat aberration reduced by gametocidal chromosome 2C

偃麦草属(Elytrigia Desv)是与小麦亲缘关系较近的一个属,是小麦巨大的基因交流资源.长穗偃麦草(E.elongata,2n=14EE)具有普通小麦缺少的许多优良性状,可以通过远缘杂交等方法转移到栽培小麦品种中.利用杀配子染色体的杀配子效应、利用中国春-柱穗山羊草(Ae.cylindrical-2C)二体附加系与中国春-长穗偃麦草4E(E.elongata,2n=14EE)二体附加系杂交,诱发长穗偃麦草染色体易位和缺失.观察F1、B1F1的花粉母细胞的减数分裂行为,结果显示,单价体与多价体丰富,大量的染色体异常分裂;甚至在减数分裂后期,同样也观察到少量的异常现象.说明E组附加系对杀配子染色体2C的影响敏感.

Elytrigia Desv is a kindred genus of wheat.It is a huge gene resource to wheat.E.elongata（2n=14EE） have many good properties.Through distant form,it can be got into the wheat.In this paper,according to the gametocidal effect,ChineseSpring-Ae.cylindrical-2C disomic addition were used to cross with ChineseSpring-E.elongata 4E.The translocation and deletion of E.elongata were induced.By observing the F1,BF1 meosis of pollen mother cell,it showed that there were a number of univalents,rod bivalents,multivalents,and a lot of exceptional meosis.Even in meosis anaphase,there were a few exceptional behavior.It illustrated they were sensitive to 2C.