miRNA与干细胞的生物学行为

miRNA and biological behavior of stem cells

背景:以往对干细胞的研究主要集中在基因方面,但目前越来越多的证据表明,miRNA在干细胞的自我更新和分化过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。目的:介绍miRNA的形成及其对干细胞自我更新和多向分化的影响。方法:以"microRNA,stem cell"为检索词,应用计算机检索Elsevier数据库2000-01/2010-05文章;以"miRNA,干细胞"为检索词检索中国期刊全文数据库2000-01/2010-05文章。结果与结论:不同组织不同细胞存在自身特异的miRNA表达谱及序列特征,这可以作为某些组织或细胞的特异性分子标志。在细胞的不同发育阶段,miRNA组成不同,决定细胞的分化方向以及分化时相,是细胞"定时"、"定向"分化的"开关"。在各种干细胞中均存在特异性的miRNA,并且在干细胞的不同分化阶段亦有特异性miRNA表达,它们是保持干细胞自我更新和多向分化特性的关键分子之一。miRNA作为一种新的调控基因表达的小分子RNA,为干细胞的研究提供了一种新的途径。

BACKGROUND：In the past,the research about stem cells was focused on the genes.But now,more and more evidence indicate that miRNA plays an important regulatory role in the self-renewal and differentiation process of stem cells.OBJECTIVE：To introduce the formation of miRNA and its effect on the self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation of stem cells.METHODS：A computer based online search of Elsevier database（2000-01/2010-05） was performed with the Key words＂microRNA,stem cell＂ in English.Simultaneously,＂microRNA,stem cell＂ in Chinese was used to search CNKI database（2000-01/2010-05）.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：There are self specific miRNA express spectra and sequence signature of different cells in different tissues,and they can serve as specific molecule marks of some tissues or cells.In the different cell developmental stage,there are different miRNA,and they determine cell differentiation direction and differentiation phase as a switch of timing and direction location differentiation.There are self specific miRNA in various kinds of stem cells,and there are also specific miRNA expressions in different differentiation stage of stem cells.They play a critical role in the maintenance of stem cell self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation characteristics.MiRNA as a new regulator RNA of gene expression provides a new way for the research of stem cells.