明矾石矿床中钒、镓萃取实验和综合利用的建议

THE EXPERIMENTS ON EXTRACTING VANADIUM AND GALLIUM FROM ALUNITE DEPOSITS AND SOME PROPOSALS CONCERNING THE COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF THESE DEPOSITS

通过对浙江平阳矾山明矾石矿山矿石利用率低、环境污染十分严重的调查和深入研究该明矾石矿床野外地质、采矿工艺及分析岩石、矿石中有用元素含量的基础上，提出了矿床综合利用的建议。同时，对达到回收品位的钒（Ｖ）、镓（Ｇａ）稀有金属进行了萃取实验。实验采用天然的明矾石矿石、矾化围岩和提炼明矾后的废料——矾浆、矾碴和炉灰作为试料，配制含一定浓度的ＨＣｌ、ＨＢｒ、ＨＣｌＯ４、ＨＦ、Ｃ６Ｈ６Ｏ８和Ｃ６Ｈ５ＣＨ３等不同酸类组合的水溶液作为萃取溶液，在３００℃的温度和５００×１０５Ｐａ压力下的高压釜中持续了１２０～１６８小时的互相作用。实验结果证明，从这些样品中萃取出Ｖ和Ｇａ的量是十分可观的。Ｖ的萃取率一般为２１．９２％～６０．１０％，最高达７４．１１％。Ｇａ的萃取率一般为７．２７％～２６．５２％，最高可达３６．３２％。因此，开展明矾石矿床综合利用，对于提高矿产资源利用率，降低矿山开采成本，保护生态环境有其重要的意义。

In view of the low utilization ratio of the alunite ores and the very grave environmental pollution in the Fanshan mine, Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province and on the basis of a detailed study of the field geology and mining technology as well as analysis of the useful element contents of the rocks and ores, the authors put forward some proposals concerning comprehensive utilization of alunite deposits. Moreover, the author conducted experiments on extracting the rare metals of V and Ga that achieved the recovery grade. In the experiments, natural alunite ores, alunitized wall rocks and waste materials were used after extracting alum, alum syrup, alum residue and furnace ash in the mine which could serve as starting materials. Aqueous solutions of certain concentrations of different acids of HCl, HBr, HClO 4, HF, C 6H 6O 8 and C 6H 5CH 3 are prepared as extraction solutions. The experiments lasted 120～168 hours in high pressure vessels at 300℃ and 500×10 5 Pa. The experimental results show that the V and Ga extracted from the samples are very considerable in quantity. The V extraction rate are 21 92%～60 10%, the highest being 74 11%, while the Ga extraction rates are 7 27%～26 52%, the highest being 36 32%. The authors point out that the comprehensive utilization of alunite deposits is of great significance in raising the utilization ratio of mineral resources, reducing the mining cost and protecting ecological environments.