海洛因成瘾者对美沙酮维持治疗的态度及相关因素

Heroin addicts' attitude towards methadone maintenance treatment and its impact

美沙酮维持治疗虽已有接近50年的历史,但是医疗机构与海洛因成瘾者双方依然存在对于美沙酮维持治疗态度的差异,主要表现在对于美沙酮治疗方式、美沙酮性质、不良反应、治疗效果等方面的不同认识。美沙酮这种多年来逐渐被医疗机构认为需终生维持的药物,海洛因成瘾者看来更应该作为短期内通过剂量递减方式实现戒断海洛因目的的药物,海洛因成瘾者同时认为美沙酮存在较强的不良反应和戒断症状。海洛因成瘾者形成此种态度的现状,则主要受到医生对于维持治疗方式的支持程度、本人是否参加过美沙酮维持治疗以及其他海洛因成瘾者参加治疗失败的经历的影响。

For nearly 50 years methadone has prevailed for heroin addiction therapy,however,the attitude towards methadone maintenance treatment is still in dispute between medical institutions and drug users.A review has been conducted to sum up the contradictory attitude towards orientation,righteousness,side effects and prognosis of methadone therapy.Methadone which has been adopted as a life-long substitution drug for heroin addiction by medical institution,is more likely considered by heroin addicts as a short-term abstinence-oriented treatment,and its relatively severe side effects and withdrawal symptoms can be ignored.Such attitude taken by heroin addicts largely depends on to what extent the doctors support the maintenance-oriented treatment,whether they have personal experiences in such treatment and whether they have experienced failure among other drug addicts.