西方传统理性主义的发展和实体性倾向

The Development of the Traditional Rationalism of the West and its Practical Orientation

西方传统哲学在本质上是一种理性哲学。西方传统理性主义的发展经历了古代理性主义、近代理性主义。西方古代理性,特别是"前苏格拉底时期"的理性,是建立在实践哲学基础上的客观理性。经过柏拉图和亚里士多德,古代的客观理性逐步演变成主观理性,如以经验论和唯理论为代表的绝对理性主义。而以德国古典哲学为代表的相对理性主义或实践理性主义又实现了客观理性。但无论是绝对主义的主观理性还是相对主义的客观理性,都具有实体性的特点,并存在着理性高于非理性以及二者的二元对立倾向。

The traditional philosophy of the West is a kind of rational philosophy in nature.The traditional rationalism of the West has experienced the process from ancient rationalism to early modern rationalism.The ancient rationalism of the West,especially in the pre-Socratic period,was a kind of subjective rationalism based on practical philosophy.It was Plato and Socrates that turned subjective rationalism into a kind of subjective rationalism,a kind of absolute rationalism represented by empiricism and rationalism.Relative rationalism or practical rationalism represented by the ancient philosophy of Germany has realized objective rationalism.Both of them have their practical features and hold the conviction that rationalism is superior to non-rationalism as well as their dual opposites.