社区老年高血压患者自我效能水平及其影响因素分析

Self-efficacy and influencing factors of community-dwelling elders with hypertension

目的:了解社区老年高血压患者自我效能状况及其相关影响因素,探讨提高老年高血压患者自我效能的有效途径。方法:采用方便抽样的方法,用一般资料问卷和高血压病人自我效能评价表对165例社区老年高血压患者进行调查。结果:165例老年高血压患者自我效能总分为(26.45±4.991)分。68.5%的患者具有中等水平的自我效能,仅18.2%的患者具有高水平的自我效能。性别、同时患并发症种数、文化程度、应对方式、身心状态、社会支持、社区资源利用度与高血压患者的自我效能水平有关(P<0.05)。结论:社区老年高血压患者自我效能大多数处于中等水平,有待进一步提高。应寻找其他影响高血压患者自我效能的因素,以便针对其主要影响因素采取相应护理措施,从而提高其自我效能。

Objective：To investigate the level and influencing factors of self-efficacy among community-dwelling elders with hypertension and explore nursing strategies to improve self-efficacy.Methods：A convenient sample of 165 community-dwelling elders with hypertension was investigated by using the self-designed demographic questionnaire and Self-efficacy Assessment Scale for Hypertensive.Results：The average score of the selfefficacy was 26.45±4.991.Among the 165 elders with hypertension,68.5% of them had the self-efficacy score at the middle level;only 18.2% of the elders had a higher level score on self-efficacy.Gender,number of complication,education level,coping style,physical and psychological status,social support,and the utilization of community and hospital resources were identified as the influencing factors of self-efficacy（P0.05）.Conclusion：Even though more than half of community-dwelling elders with hypertension had a middle level selfefficacy,they need further improvement.Other influencing factors should be explored in future in order to develop the corresponding nursing interventions which can strengthen the self-efficacy of community-dwelling elders with hypertension.