ICU患者和家属心理需求与健康教育的调查研究

Research of Psychological Needs and Health Education of ICU Patients and Their Families

目的通过调查入住ICU神志清醒患者和家属不同阶段的心理需求,促进护士有针对性地开展健康教育,促进患者恢复健康。方法自行设计问卷调查表,选择89例入住ICU神志清醒的患者及其家属,对患者开始入住ICU当天12 h内、72 h及出ICU(转出和直接出院)前8 h的心理需求进行调查。结果其在初期的主要心理需求有了解住院环境,探视陪伴制度,治疗方案,预期效果。中期的主要心理需求有目前病情进展,相关检查结果,医疗费用的负担。后期的主要心理需求有转出普通病房后的治疗护理质量、直接出院后的自我护理方法以及担心疾病的反复等。结论通过调查使ICU患者及其家属在患者入住ICU时各个不同阶段的首要心理需求凸显,使护士能有计划、有针对性地进行ICU患者和家属的健康教育。

Objective To investigate psychological needs of the ICU conscious patients and their families at different stages,and to promote the nurses to carry out targeted health education to help patients recover.Methods A questionnaire was designed to 89 ICU selected cases,including their families,the psychological needs of them both within 12 hours,72 hours and the 8 hours prior to ICU（transferred out and direct discharge） were investigated.Results At an early stage,they both needed to have an understanding of the main hospital environment,accompany system,treatment programs,and the expected results.In the medium-term,they both hoped to know the disease progression,relevant test results and medical expenses.At last,they both demanded to know the quality of care in general wards after being transferred out,self-care after discharge,and the fact that they both repeatedly worried about the disease as well.Conclusion By investigating the primary psychological needs of the ICU patients and their families at different stages,the nurses can educate the ICU patients and their families healthily with plans and purpose.