1Horwitz,Elaine K,Michael B.Horwitz & Jo Ann Cope.Foreign language classroom anxiety.Modem Language Journal 70(1986).
2MacIntyre,P.D.Willingness to communicate in the second language:understanding the decision to speak as a volitional process The Modern Language Journal p.Vol.91.
3McCroskey,J.C.Willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and self -perceived communication competence: conceptualization and perspectives In Daly, etal. Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, & Communication Apprehension.
4Wen,W.P. & Clement,R.A Chinese conceptua- lization of willingness to communicate in ESL. Language, Culture and Curriculum.