柳宗元的苦与乐——《小石潭记》教后感

Liu Zongyuan's Pain and Joy

永贞革新失败后,柳宗元一贬再贬,宦海沉浮,命运坎坷。谪居生活的悲凉与凄苦折磨着柳宗元,也造就了中国文学史上具有独特地位的山水游记名篇——《永州八记》。贬官后的柳宗元内心是极度痛苦的,为排遣苦闷,永州的山山水水成为他亲近与探访的对象。《小石潭记》就是在这种背景下写的。既然《小石潭记》的情感轴心是苦闷,那么怎样理解文中所写的"乐"呢?大自然特立独出的山水令作者冰释抑郁沉疴;柳宗元的"乐"不仅是暂时的,也是被动的;以乐写哀,哀更见其深,苦中作乐,苦更见其重。其实柳宗元完全应该感到快乐:其一,永贞革新具有历史进步性;其二,柳宗元的坎坷经历造就了山水精品——《永州八记》。

After the failure of Yon Zhen innovation,Liu Zongyuan suffered a great deal from the demotion of his officialdom.The loneliness and bitterness tortured his heart,but thanked to that,a well known natural scenery prose have been created：＂Yong Zhou Eight Essays＂.One of the essay ＂small sokdam mind＂ was formed under this background.The core theme of this essay was to express his depressed attitude,so how do we understand the ＂joy＂.The natural beauty makes the writer forget those unpleasant things,so his joy not only temporary but also passive.He use his joy to express his sadness.But,from my perspective,Liu should feel happy,here＇s the reason： 1.the YongZhen innovation has its inventive step;2.the rough experience created the ＂Yong Zhou eight essays＂