2010年俄罗斯石油工业综述

Overview of Russia's petroleum industry in 2010

受国际经济环境好转及油价上涨等利好因素影响,2010年俄罗斯经济逐步走出危机,能源工业稳步恢复,油气产业各项指标均呈增长趋势。其中,原油产量突破5亿吨,原油加工量2.49亿吨,同比分别增长2.2和5.5;原油出口量2.48亿吨,与上年基本持平;成品油出口增长8.3,至1.31亿吨;原油和成品油出口外汇收入分别为1290亿和694亿美元,同比分别增长38.0和48.3;天然气产量和出口量分别为6490亿和1791亿立方米,同比分别增长11.2和6.4;天然气出口外汇收入435亿美元,同比增长10.4。在管道建设方面,2010年俄罗斯远东输油管道一期工程和俄中原油管道建成投运,波罗的海管输系统二期线路工程完工,"北流"天然气管道开始建设,"南流"管道也与所有管道途经国签署合作协议。在油气政策方面,2010年俄政府编制了石油和天然气行业的专项发展纲要,批准了亚马尔—涅涅茨自治区和克拉斯诺亚尔斯克边疆区北部2020年前油气田综合开发规划,制订新的矿产资源开采税税率并继续推行关税优惠政策,逐步放开大陆架开发权。

In 2010 Russia basically exited the economic crisis, the energy industry steadily revived, and all the oil and gas industry indices trended upward. In 2010 Russia’s crude oil output exceeded 500 million tons and crude oil throughput was 249 million tons, for an increase of 2.2% and 5.5% year-over-year. Crude oil exports amounted to 248 million tons, the same as the year before; oil product exports rose in comparison by 8.3% to 131 million tons. Exports of crude oil and oil products earned 129 billion US dollars and 69.4 billion US dollars of foreign exchange respectively, for a rise of 38.0% and 48.3% respectively over the previous year. In 2010 Russia produced 649 billion cubic meters of natural gas, and that made for an 11.2% increase over the previous year. Natural gas exports amounted to 179.1 billion cubic meters, having increased by 6.4% and yielded foreign exchange earnings of 43.5 billion US dollars, for a 10.4% annual increase. In 2010 the (first phase of the) Far East crude oil pipeline and the crude oil pipeline from Russia to China began operation; route engineering for the (second phase of the) Baltic pipeline system was completed; construction of the Nord Stream gas pipeline began; cooperation agreements have been signed with all the countries to be crossed by the South Stream gas pipeline. The Russian government worked out special development programs for the oil and gas industry, and approved a comprehensive program for exploration of oil and gas fields in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District and the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The government also set a new tax rate on royalties and maintained the favorable policy for export duties.