压力容器设计中可靠性安全系数法的应用探讨

Discussion about the Reliability and Safety Index in the Pressure Container

压力容器的常规设计中,安全系数的确定完全是按经验估计的,具有较大的随意性.通过应用可靠性设计的基本方法,将压力容器的壁厚设计与允许破坏概率(或可靠度)联系起来,并与常规设计结果进行了比较.结果表明,常规设计规范中建议采用的安全系数通常偏大,偏于保守.为此,讨论了一种简便而实用的设计方法,即在常规设计公式中,以可靠性安全系数代替传统的经验安全系数,由此将安全系数的确定建立在容器允许破坏概率(或可靠度)的基础之上,从而使设计的压力容再在保证足够的可靠性前提下,尽量作到经济合理.

In the design of the pressure container, the safety index is usually based on the experience. By the means of the basic method in reliability design,the paper relates the thickness of the container and the possible damage possibility.The result shows that the tranditonal safety index is usually greater and more reserved. In this article, the author introduces a simple but practical design method. That is, in the normal design, the extab-lishment of the safety index is based on the possible damage index of the container. So under the condition of enough reliabilty, the design should be more economical.