20世纪六七十年代美国福利危机探微

The Welfare Crisis in the late 1960s and early 1970s in the U.S.

美国公共福利制度成为公众与政界争议热点,始自20世纪六七十年代福利爆炸所引发的危机。1965-1975年间,美国公共福利支出和福利人口均出现大幅增长;其中,在增长速度和规模上,以女性单亲家庭为主要救济对象的"对有未成年子女的家庭援助"项目最为突出。黑人经济处境的恶化与政治影响力的扩大,是理解这次福利危机的关键。联邦政府、最高法院与民间福利团体在不同层面合力破除之前广泛存在的地方福利限制行为,刺激了公共福利的兴盛,是促成这一时期美国福利扩张的重要动力。

American public welfare system has become a source of political controversy and conflict since the welfare explosion during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The explosion of AFDC is a response to the civil disorder caused by rapid economic change. The Great Society programs of the federal government, the court decisions of the Supreme Court, and the activities of National Welfare Rights Organization all contributed to get rid of welfare restrictions and stimulate the explosion.