体液microRNA作为新的无创伤性生物标志物的意义

The study of microRNAs in body fluid as a novel invasive biomarker

microRNA(miRNA)是一类能降解靶mRNA或抑制靶mRNA翻译从而在转录后水平调控基因表达的非编码RNA。miRNA在多种生理、病理过程中发挥重要作用,组织细胞miRNA表达谱与多种病理尤其是肿瘤密切相关。最近的研究发现,血循环及其他体液中也存在丰富而稳定的miRNA,并且在某些疾病状态下,体液中的一些miRNA表达量会发生特异性改变,提示体液miRNA作为一种新的无创伤性生物标志物的潜力和良好的临床应用前景。本文就体液miRNA与疾病关系的研究进展作一综述。

microRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by either degrading or blocking translation of messenger RNA targets. MiRNAs play important regulatory roles in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. MiRNA profiles in tissue or cell exhibit close relation with some diseases, especially tumor. Recently, it has been found that miRNAs also stably express in serum, plasma and other body fluids. Moreover, the expression levels of some circulating miRNAs specifically change in patients with certain diseases, revealing their great potential as a class of novel invasive biomarkers for diseases and promising clinical application future. This review summarizes the literatures on the body fluid miRNAs in different disease.