存在显现难题与海德格尔的审美主义转向

Question of Being Appearance and Aestheticist Turn of Heidegger

现象学的真谛在于,现象不是存在者的表象,而是存在的显现。但存在具有超越性,不在场,因此存在如何显现为现象就成为难题。海德格尔前期哲学试图通过此在的在世体验——畏来使存在意义显现,但由于其主体性和非超越性以及无对象性而不能实现。要使存在显现为现象,只有通过审美。审美是超越的生存方式和体验方式,使存在现身为审美意象,从而克服了现实生存的局限而领会了存在的意义。因此,后期海德格尔哲学转向审美主义,通过诗意地安居(天、地、神、人四方游戏)以及诗性语言,来使存在显现为现象,并且领会存在意义。

The true meaning of phenomenology lies in that phenomenon is the appearance of Being rather than the presentation of entities.However,on account of its transcendental and absent character,how Being appears as phenomenon comes to be a question.In the early s tage of his philosophy,Heidegger tries to make Being appear through anxiety,the experience of Dasein in the world,but it cannot realize the task for its subjectivity,as well as the dismissal of transcendence and objectivity.The only way to make Being appear as phenomenon is aesthetics.Aesthetics is a free way of existence and transcendental way of erlebnis,in which Being represents as aesthetic image so that the limitation of realistic existence has been overcome and meaning of Being has been underst ood.Therefore,Heidegger ＇s philosophy turns to aestheticism in the later period,which lets Being appear as phenomenon to understand the meaning of Being through poetic dwelling（the fourfold play of sky and earth,moralities and divines） and poetic language as well.