青少年情绪弹性的影响因素研究

A Research on Influencing Factors of Adolescent Emotional Resilience

影响青少年情绪弹性的因素主要包括性别、年龄等人口学变量和其他心理变量。研究对830名中学生的情绪弹性进行了调查,结果表明,性别与年龄变量对青少年情绪弹性不产生实质性影响,说明青少年情绪弹性具有相对稳定的心理特性;心理弹性、人格特质、负性情绪调节能力及自我效能与青少年情绪弹性存在显著相关,并对后者产生显著的预测效应;负性情绪认知调节能力和神经质是影响青少年情绪弹性的两个主要心理变量,神经质还以负性情绪认知调节能力为中介变量对青少年情绪弹性产生间接影响。

Although many researchers have explored the relationship between emotional resilience and psychological resilience, personality traits, negative emotion regulation ability and self-efficacy （e. g., Abraham, 2000 ; Augustine ＆ Hemenover, 2008; Curtis ＆ Cicchetti , 2003 ; Davidson, 2003 ; Fredrickson ＆ Tugade , 2000 ; Hemenover, 2003 ; Ketelaar, 1991 ; Kirk, Schutte ＆ Hine, 2008 ; Nolen-Hoeksema, Morrow, ＆ Fredrickson, 1993 ; Shulman, Angustine, ＆ Hemenover, 2006 ; Watson, 2002）, most of these researches focused on independent research on single influencing factor of emotional resilience, few researchers examined the integrate effects on emotional resilience through individual demographic variables and various psychological variables. Because the individual demographic variables and other psychological variables were the main influencing factors of adolescent emotional resilience, two studies were presented to reveal the integrated effects on adolescent emotional resilience through individual demographic variables of gender and age, and other psychological variables of psychological resilience, personality traits, negative emotion regulation ability and self-efficacy in this research. Study 1 investigated the effects of demographic variables of gender and age on adolescent emotional resilience. 830 adolescents were tested by Questionnaire of Adolescent Emotional Resilience to survey the differences of emotional resilience between boys and girls, and those of junior and high school students. Study 2 used the psychological scales to investigate the integrated effects of psychological resilience,personality traits, negative emotion regulation ability and self-efficacy on adolescent emotional resilience. 830 adolescents were tested by the Ego-Resiliency Scale, Negative Mood Regulation Scale, EPQ-RSC, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Questionnaire of Adolescent Emotional Resilience to examine the integrated effects of other psychological variables on adolescent emotional resilience. The results of the two studies show that （1）Gender and age variables have no substantial impact on adolescent emotional resilience, indicating that emotional resilience has a relatively stable psychological characteristics. （2）There are close relationships between adolescent emotional resilience and personality traits, self-efficacy, psychological resilience and negative emotion regulation ability; and all of these psychological variables have significant predicting effects on adolescent emotional resilience. In these psychological variables, the cognitive regulation ability of negative emotion and neuroticism are the two most important influencing variables on adolescent emotional resilience; and neuroticism has impact on adolescent emotional resilience indirectly by intermediary variable of cognitive regulation ability of negative emotion. Based on the findings, we suggest that researchers should pay more attention to the comprehensive research on multiple influencing factors of adolescent emotional resilience to reveal the innate character of adolescent emotional resilience. In addition researchers may in future researches explore the intrinsic influencing mechanisms of various variables especially psychological variables on adolescent emotional resilience through various advanced experimental methods and technologies such as ERP and fMRI.