家庭作业与学业成绩的关系

The Relationship Between Homework and Academic Achievement

家庭作业不仅是一种被广泛采用的教学手段,也是学生课后最为重要的学习活动。从家庭作业特征、家庭作业完成过程、家庭作业中父母参与和家庭作业对学习效果影响的机制几个方面探讨了家庭作业与学业成绩的关系。最后指出家庭作业学习效果研究的实践价值和未来研究方向。

Homework is not only an extensively-applied instructional instrument but also the most important learning activity for students after class. Despite the long history of homework research, the role that homework plays in enhancing student achievement is not thoroughly understood. The present research explored the relationship between homework and academic achievement through reviewing the homework research. Its conclusions can help teachers to assign homework and help students to study more effectively. From the characteristics of homework, the process of homework completion, parental involvement in homework and the mechanism underlying the effects of homework on learning, the author did the research and finally he pointed out the practical values and the directions of further research in this field. Most studies have been found to support the conclusion that homework can improve academic achievement. Firstly, the characteristics of homework can affect students＇ achievement. Researchers have found a positive association between homework time and achievement. Meanwhile, the relationship can be moderated by the age or grade of students. The appropriate amount of homework is conducive to high achievement. The proper strategies teachers adopt during homework assignment can enhance academic achievement. The strength and direction of the homework-achievement association depend on the homework indicator chosen and differ to some degree across analytical levels. Secondly, the process of students＇ homework completion is related to their academic achievement. Some results have shown that there are different patterns of preferred homework styles between high- and low-achieving groups. High achievers value their homework more, put forth more effort and are more persistent, as compared with low achievers. In terms of the relationship between parental involvement in homework and academic achievement, if the parents are strict, improve students＇ completion of homework and help students to manage their homework behavior, the students＇ achievement can he enhanced. Finally, the unthor sumed up the mechanism underlying the effects of homework on study. There are several suggestions for teachers and parents. The teacher should pay attention to the individual differences among students when they are assigning homework. They should select the most proper mode and homework materials to increase students＇ interest in homework completion. Parents and teachers should cultivate children＇s self-regulatory capability and good homework styles. All of these are helpful to enhancing students＇ achievement. FinallY, the author pointed out the directions of further research in this field. Homework is the most complicated learning activity. Many variables have effects on the relationship between homework and achievement. So future research should discuss their relationship more detailedly from various angles. According to the systemic model of homework, learning environment, teachers, student characteristics and role of parents jointly influence homework behavior. How do these factors determine the effect of homework？ Researchers should broaden their research scope in the future. Researchers should pay more attention to the multilevel model to explore the relationship between homework and academic achievement. The author argued that homework research should be more closely associated with well-founded psychological theories of learning and instruction.