某铬盐厂职工及周围人群体内铬负荷水平调查

Study on Chromium Content in Urine and Erythrocytes of Workers in a Chromate Factory and Nearby Villagers

[目的]了解某铬盐厂职工及工厂周围人群体内铬负荷水平。[方法]选择职业铬接触工人146人为职业暴露组、铬盐厂周围农村居民103人为环境暴露组、无环境铬污染地区农村居民140人为对照组,进行流行病学调查,并采集随机尿样和空腹静脉血样,采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定尿铬和红细胞铬。[结果]职业暴露组的红细胞铬含量明显高于对照组、尿铬明显高于环境暴露组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]职业暴露组红细胞铬和尿铬水平较高,应密切关注其是否引起职业健康效应。

[ Objective ] To understand the chromium content in urine and erythrocytes of workers in a chromate factory and nearby villagers. [ Methods ] A total of 146 workers in a chromate factory near Yangtze river were chosen as occupational exposure group. A total of 103 villagers living in a nearby village were chosen as environmental exposure group. A total of 140 villagers living in a unpolluted village that was located 15 kilometers away from the factory on the upstream direction of Yangtze river were chosen as control group. All subjects were required to fill a questionnaire form and provide an urine sample and a venous blood sample. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine chromium in urine and erythroeytes. [ Results ] Chromium in erythrocytes of occupational exposure group was significantly higher than control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Chromium in urine was significantly higher than environmental exposure group and control group respectively （ P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] Chromium contents in erythrocytes and urine of occupational exposure group were higher than that in control. Further surveillance and studies should be implemented to ascertain whether there were occupational and environmental hazardous effects to public health.