新形势下新疆国家级贫困县的贫困类型与扶贫对策

Study on Poverty Types and Countermeasures of State Poverty Countries in Xinjiang Under New Situation

新疆国家级贫困县的扶贫开发工作在新形势下具有长期性、艰巨性、复杂性和特殊性。缘于特殊的地理环境和民族构成,反贫困在新疆不仅是经济问题,同时也是社会问题和政治问题。研究发现,新疆国家级贫困县绝大多数都分布在南疆三地州,贫困率较高,少数民族占贫困人口比重居高不下,财政均出现高额赤字,收支矛盾极为突出,对上级财政有着极强的依赖性。新疆国家级贫困县的贫困类型及原因分为六类:生态贫困、地域贫困、民族贫困、文化教育贫困、市场竞争引致性贫困和制度性贫困,并在此基础上从有效整合各种扶贫资源、赋权式扶贫、产业扶贫、科技扶贫、公共服务均等化等方面提出扶贫对策。

It seems long-term,arduous,complex and especial to alleviate poverty for state poverty countries in Xinjiang.Due to the special geographical environment,and ethnic composition,poverty is not only an economic problem in Xinjiang,but also social and political issues.This study found that most of state poverty countries located in the three south Xinjiang districts,there are higher poverty rate,minorities account for a higher proportion of poor population,and have high fiscal deficit,very prominent contradictions of unbalanced payments,as well as a strong dependence of superiors＇ finance.The paper classified state poverty countries in Xinjiang into six categories： ecological poverty,regional poverty,ethnic poverty,cultural and educational poverty,poverty caused by market competition,and institutional poverty,and on this basis,the paper discusses relevant countermeasures,such as effectively integrating various resources of poverty alleviation,poverty alleviation by empowerment,industrial poverty alleviation,technological poverty alleviation,the equalization of public services and so on.