二尖瓣正常形态的解剖学观测

The mitral valve anatomical observation of the normal form

目的：研究左房室口周长、左房室口面积、二尖辩前、后叶的面积及各自附着缘长度等，并阐明左房室口与瓣叶之间的关系，为心脏瓣膜病手术修补与移植等提供参考资料。方法：取正常人体防腐心脏24个。在左心房进左房室口出近似垂直心脏长轴的平面将左房宣口以上的左心房结构切除，测量左房室口的周长与面积。在心脏二尖辩后内侧联合处沿心脏的长轴将心脏剖开，并切断部分腱索。将心脏展开，分别测量二尖辩前、后叶的面积及各自附着缘的长度。结果：前瓣的面积（6．487±1.238）cm2大于后瓣的面积（4．036±1．658）cm2，左房室口面积为（5．363±1．461）cm2，前辩的面积大于左房室口的面积，后瓣的面积小于左房室口的面积。左房室口的面积约占前后辩总积的0．（524±0．121）。左房室口的周长约在（8．175±2．116）cm之间，前辩附着缘的长度（4．474±1．169）cm大于后瓣附着缘的长度（3．071±0．954）cm。结论：二尖瓣前叶面积大于左房室口面积和后瓣面积，具有一定的形态学储备和潜力，在二尖瓣的修补与移植中有一定的临床价值。

Objective To observe the configuration and traits of valva mirtalis. The circumference of the margin of left atrioventricular orifice, and the attached part of cuspis anterior and cuspis posterior were measured; the area of the orifice,cuspls anterior and cuspis posterior were calculated, in order to charily the relationships of then and provide data for vavular disease repair operation and vavle transplantation. Methods The measurement an macroscopic investigation were performed on the hearts from 24 embalmed cadaver specimens. The most part of the left atrium that was above the orifice were removed. Then the circumference and area of the left atrloventricular orifice were measured. The left ventricle along the long axis of heart from the posteriomedial commissural part was dissected. The chordae tendinease was cut off. The ventricle was opened and made plain ,Then the length og attached margins and area of the valves were measured. Results The area of the cuspis anterior was [-（6. 487 ± 1. 238）cm？] while it was [（5. 363± 1. 461）cm？] of the orifice and [（4. 036±1. 658）cm？] of the cuspis posterior. The area of the orifice was about 0. 524±0. 121 of that of the total valves. The circumference of the orifice was （8. 175±2. 116）cm, and the margin of the attached part of cuspis anterior was [（4. 474±1. 169） cm] while it was [（3. 071±0. 954）cm] of the cuspis. Conclusion The data accumulated anatomically is better than that of common radiology and ul- trasonic cardiography indirectly. The area of cuspis anterior is larger than that of the cuspis posterior, and the valva mitralis has morphologic potential and reservation. It has more clinical significance in vavle repair surgery and valve transplantation.