鲁迅与辛亥革命的评价问题

Evaluation on the 1911 Revolution of Luxun

对于辛亥革命,鲁迅基本上只是个旁观者。"旁观者"的身份固然使鲁迅比身当其事者保持了更多的清醒与理智,但也容易让鲁迅对资产阶级民主革命进行反思时少了一份"同情之了解"。鲁迅关于辛亥革命的诸多言论是作为文学家、思想家的鲁迅对辛亥前后复杂的历史状况的深刻洞察与揭示,然这些言论却不可以拿过来作为辛亥革命失败的证据。鲁迅思想的一个重要特点是长期关注"人心"或者说"国民性"的问题,绝少从制度层面看待中国道路问题。这使得鲁迅对辛亥革命在制度上或者说程序上结束了皇权专制,奠定了中国现代政治文明基础的伟大意义认识不足。鲁迅的很多小说长期以来一直是在"对辛亥革命失败的反思"的意义上被理解和阐释着。其实,这样的理解和阐释既包含了对辛亥革命本身性质与任务的误解,也包含了对鲁迅此类小说本身的误解。

For the 1911 revolution, Luxun is a bystander basically. As a ＂bystander＂, Luxun is more sober and rational than interested parties, but shows less sympathy for the 1911 revolution. As a writer and thinker, Luxun expresses the profound insights and comments on complex historical conditions. But these comments can＇t take over as evidence of the failure of the 1911 revolution. An important characteristic of Luxun is the long -term interest in ＂The human heart＂ or ＂national character＂, and little view on aspects of the Chinese road from the system of China. So, Luxun can not completely understand the Great significance of the 1911 revolution that ended Imperial autarehy and make the foundation of modern political civilization. Many novels of Luxun are understood and explained on the reflective of the 1911 revolution＇ s failure, but these comments contain misunderstanding which include the nature and mission of the 1911 revolution and the novels of Luxun.