清末预备立宪时期的平满汉畛域思想与满汉政策的新变化——以光绪三十三年之满汉问题奏议为中心的探讨

Problem of Manchu-Han Integration in the Process of the Preparing Constitutionalism and the New Change of the Manchu-Han Policies in the Late Qing:Focusing on the Discussion about the Manchu-Han Problem in 1907

在清末预备立宪时期实行平满汉畛域举措的过程中,光绪三十三年慈禧太后发布化除满汉畛域懿旨与官绅群起奏议,是一个关键性的事件。本文具体探讨光绪三十三年慈禧太后化除满汉畛域懿旨出台的原因、官绅奏议讨论的问题及其应对之策,以及清政府满汉政策的新变化,以期为观察清末满汉关系演变与清王朝覆灭问题提供新的视角。文章认为,在清末预备立宪时期,清廷试图化除满汉畛域,而对满汉政策作出了新的调整,但因种种因素制约,而并没有切实施行,也没有收到预期效果,致使清王朝最终难逃覆亡的命运。

It was a critical event in the process of the preparing constitutionalism that Empress Cixi issued an imperial edict on problem of Manchu-Han integration and many officers and gentry submitted memorials for discussing the problem in 1907.This paper explores why Cixi issued the edict,analyzes the above problem and the related answers,and discovers the new change of the Manchu-Han policy of the Qing.The paper hopes to provide a new view for the observation of the change of the relationship between the Manchu and Han,as well as for the study of the destruction of the Qing Dynasty.The paper argues that the Qing court tried to adjust policies relevant to integrate the Manchu with Han in that time,but the policies were not been implemented indeed and the result was not as what it expected for various reasons.So,the Qing Dynasty did not escape the fate of ruin.