艾森豪威尔政府对发展援助政策的调整与美国冷战战略

The Adjustment of Eisenhower Administration's Policy in Development Assistance and the American Cold War Strategy

秉承共和党传统理念的艾森豪威尔政府,在上任伊始即确定了对外经济政策的原则——"贸易而非援助",这一原则从一开始在美国政界就引起争议。随着苏联在发展中国家经济活动的活跃,艾森豪威尔政府从第一届政府后期开始调整发展援助政策。一方面逐渐加大了发展援助在整个对外援助中的比重;另一方面诉诸国际多边援助体系,建立了国际开发协会,并将发展援助的重点转向拉丁美洲国家。艾森豪威尔政府调整发展援助的主要动因还是出于对苏冷战的考虑,即稳定美国在发展中国家政治盟友的主导地位,同苏联争夺广阔的中间地带。

Inheriting the traditional ideas of the Republican Party,the Eisenhower Administration determines the foreign economic policy soon after it takes office.This policy is called ＂trade not aid＂ and touches off a debate in American political circles at the beginning of its appearance.Eisenhower Administration begins to revise the policy of development assistance as the Soviet Union develops its economic relationship with the developing countries positively.America increases the proportion of development assistance and appeals to the multilateral international assistance system,and sets up International Development Association with other west countries.Besides,Eisenhower Administration focuses on the development assistance to the Latin America countries.This adjustment in development assistance is to stabilize the rule of American allies and contest in the intermediate zone against the Soviet Union.