从伽利略、笛卡尔到牛顿：新解近代科学革命

From Galileo,Descartes to Newton: Re-analyzing Scientific Revolution in the 17th Century

通过考证近代科学革命中伽利略、笛卡尔、牛顿三者的思想承继脉络,文章认为,众多涉及近代科学革命的历史描述存在某种夸大伽利略、弱化笛卡尔的思想倾向。这种倾向揭露了在科学史的描述中存在着"异化"现象,科学史的"异化"源自哲学、心智、政治、地域、媒介上的偏见,而这些偏见在深层又折射了科学历史甚至科学的社会建构性。

On the basis of the work of Alexandre Koyre,I argue--against the prevailing orthodoxy that many scientists and scientific historians hold one distorting attitude to the position of Galileo and Descartes, Which is to play down Descartes＇ s achievement and play up Galileo＇ s achievement. In fact,the above viewpoint has revealed one ubiquitous kind of phenomenon in scientific history： the dissimilation of scientific history. In my opinion, the dissimilation is triggered by some prejudices from philosophy, mind, region, intermedium and politics. Moreover, I argue that those prejudices give some reasonable proofs to social constructivity of science.