双子表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性

Synthesis and Surface Activities of Gemini Surfactants

在四丁基溴化铵催化下,正十二醇、正十四醇和正十六醇分别与环氧氯丙烷反应制得1-烷氧基-3-氯异丙醇(3a～3 c);3与四甲基乙二胺反应制得双子阳离子表面活性剂4a～4 c;4依次通过磺化与中和反应合成了双子两性离子表面活性剂1a～1 c,其结构经IR确证。研究结果表明,1和4在室温(25℃)均具有较高的乳化能力;只是1相对于4的能力大大降低。

Three Gemini cationic surfactants（4a～4c） were prepared by the reaction of tetramethylethylenediamine with 1-（O-alkyl）-2-chloro-isopropyl alcohols which were obtained in the presence of Bu4NBr from epichlorohydrin reacted with dodecanol,tetradecyl alcohol and hexadecanol,respectively.The zwitterionic surfactants（1a～1c） were synthesized from 4 by a two-step reaction of sulfonation and neutrallization.The structures were confirmed by IR.The results showed that 1 and 4 were exhibited high emulsifying capacity at 25 ℃,whereas 1 was far below 4.