基于高分辨率卫星遥感数据的白云鄂博矿山开发调查研究

An Investigation Research on Exploitation of Bayan Obo Based on High-resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Data

白云鄂博矿是我国大型铁、稀土、铌为主的综合性多金属共生矿床,长期以来白云鄂博矿山的资源开发利用方式不合理,造成了严重的资源浪费和环境污染。以高分辨率遥感影像为基础,通过遥感图像的信息提取、解译,结合实地调查,在MAPGIS平台空间分析模块统计出研究区矿业活动所涉及的地物类型、开采矿山的面积和位置、矿业活动占地情况及矿山开发引发的环境污染问题,进而得出准确、客观、实时的矿山开发和环境信息,再结合区域发展规划、矿产资源利用规划,对矿产资源开采与利用中存在的问题进行分析,通过宏观动态监测、实时综合分析、全面有效调控,实现矿产资源的集约综合利用。因此,利用高分辨率遥感技术对白云鄂博矿山开发开展调查研究,对该矿区的资源综合利用和环境保护具有重要意义。

The Bayan Obo mine is a large-scale multi-metallic symbiosis deposit dominated by iron, rare earth and niobium in China. For a long time Bayan Obo mine was exploited irrationally, resulting in a serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. To investigate these problems, we have analyzed and interpreted the high resolution remote sensing images relevant to this area. In combination with the field survey, using the spatial analy- sis module on the MAPGIS platform, we made statistics to the ground objects related with mining, the sizes and location of mines, occupation of land, and environmental pollution of the study area. Our purpose is to describe the mine development and environment exactly, objectively and real timely. Consid- ering the regional development and mineral resource utility planning of this region, we used this information to analyze the problems existing in the process of mining. We suggest an effort to realize comprehensive utilization of mineral resources through macro-dynamic monitoring, real-time integrated analysis, and overall and effective control. This work shows that high-resolution remote sensing technique can be applied to investigation of the Bayan Obo mine, which has a great significance for comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection of this mine area.