从产业集聚到产业集群的演进及政府在产业集群发展中的作用——基于速度经济和管理能力有限性的视角

On the evolution from industrial agglomeration to industrial cluster: a perspective of speed economy and bounded managerial capabilities

以规模报酬理论为基础,从速度经济和企业组织管理能力有限性的视角,讨论了产业集聚到产业集群演进的内在机制和前提条件。区域中主导企业及配套企业在核心业务上的知识投资上存在着规模报酬递增效应与递减效应之间的平衡;在追逐投资规模报酬的动机与组织管理能力的限制的双重作用下,这种平衡影响了产业集群内企业发展的速度经济及其演进方向,而集体学习以及在演进中所形成的组织域层面上的治理结构是维护区域速度经济的基础。在产业集群这一组织域内政府的行政性协调、市场性协调以及企业家间基于信任的合作性协调都是其治理结构的重要组成。政府在产业集群的不同发展阶段有不同的职能,需要扮演不同的角色。结合中国部分典型产业集群的发展实例,论文提出了相关的政策建议。

Based on the increasing-return theory,this paper explores the internal mechanism and preconditions for the evolution from industrial agglomeration to industrial cluster from the perspective of speed economy and bounded managerial capabilities of firms.It points out a balance between the increasing return and decreasing return effects of investment in knowledge assets of the leading and complementary firms of clusters.Firms are in pursuit of the increasing return but on the other hand are restrained by the limited managerial capabilities,which has an impact on the speed economy of relevant clustering firms and their directionality of development.Meanwhile,the collective learning and the coordinative governance over relevant firms are fundamental to underpinning the clusters' sustainable speed economy.On the basis of an empirical study of some classical industrial clusters in China,this paper takes the role of government in the development of industrial clusters into the centre of concerns and presents some advice for policy making.