英雄何宜,紧箍何力,心行何贵?——孙悟空形象再议(《〈西游记〉美学问议录》之五)

Reconsideration of the image of Sun Wukong:the aesthetic qualities of Journey to the West(5)

对孙悟空被称做英雄或好汉形象的特征要从《西游记》文本形成的历史文化条件去做考察。小说中英雄立象文脉与当时文化思潮发展,特别是心学新进流派代表人物评议英雄的价值取向有关系。原情论势与接近百姓日用等思路在寓言小说里英雄特色形成中起着推动作用。紧箍作为金色头箍同棒上金箍、金睛火眼及总体上金猴与心猿一体兼象等因素紧密呼应,为孙悟空形象内外相应、气骨相成提供关键因素,起着贯穿寓言题旨的作用。作为体现全书寓意的主要角色,孙悟空从称号到事迹都显示了重心行的可贵。心猿成佛作为"五众成真"的代表,显示向上精神的教益。

The reason that Sun Wukong(also known as Monkey King) is regarded as a hero should be explored in light of the story setting.It can be traced back to the then trend of cultural thought,especially the criteria for heroes applied by the school of xinxue xinjin in Ming dynasty,i.e.stress on practicality and worldliness.Sun's magical golden headband,the golden colour on his iron bar and his firy golden crystal eyes,as well as the dual image of the calm golden monkey and the restless ape-like figure in a large part contribute to the popular image of Sun Wukong.Both Sun Wukong's name itself and his actions tell the value of meditation.That the restless ape-like figure as the major role of the novel was finally granted Buddhahood confirms the spirit of braveness and courage.