流行性腮腺炎181例住院患者临床分析

Mumps:a clinical analysis of 181 inpatients

目的了解流行性腮腺炎的流行特征及临床表现,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法对2005年1月～2010年11月池州市人民医院感染科收治住院的181例流行性腮腺炎病例资料进行分析。结果 181例患者中,发病高峰为5～7月份者共99例占54.7%;男性113例,女性68例;年龄1～69岁,平均发病年龄12.4岁。临床表现主要为腮腺肿痛和发热,常见并发症是脑炎、睾丸炎和胰腺炎,分别为59、28和38例。实验室检查白细胞正常127例,升高39例,下降15例。血清淀粉酶升高160例,丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高27例。异常指标多于1周后恢复正常。所有患者均治愈出院,平均住院7 d。结论流行性腮腺炎发病年龄有后移趋势,好发于5～7月份,病情危害较严重,病毒不仅侵犯腮腺,而且侵犯神经和生殖系统,造成脑炎和睾丸炎、胰腺炎。建议青少年、儿童等易患者接种疫苗。

Aim To explore the epidemic characters and clinical features of mumps and to provide evidence for its control.Mcthods Data of 181 cases of mumps admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases of Chizhou People＇s Hospital from January 2005 to November 2010 were analyzed.Results Of 181 cases,99 cases（54.7%）developed in the period of peak incidence,that is,from May to July.113 cases wee males and 68 females.Their ages ranged from 1 to 69 years old,with an average age of 12.4.Clinical features were mainly parotid gland swelling and pain as well as fever.The common complications were encephalitis（59 cases）,orchitis（28 cases）and pancreatitis（38 cases）.Laboratory tests showed normal leukocytes（127 cases）,increased leukocytes（39 cases）and decreased leukocytes（15 cases）.Serum amylase rose in 160 cases,and alanine aminotransferase rose in 27 cases.Most of the abnormal indicators were likely to be back to normal.All of the patients were cured,with an average of 7-day hospital stay.Conclusion Mumps is more likely to develop between May and July and the age of onset tends to be older.The virus harms not only the parotid gland,but also the nervous and reproductive systems,which result in encephalitis,orchitis and pancreatitis.Therefore,it is suggested that adolescents and children be vaccinated.