“被”字句中“被”字的词性分析

Studies on bei in Chinese Passive Construction

"被"字句中的"被"字实质上是一个表被动的功能词,标记句首具有受事题元角色的名词短语,它在句法结构中占据CP的指示语位置。句首的名词短语是移位生成的话题,"被"引导一个TP,"被"字后的名词短语占据TP的指示语位置,无论它以显性的形式还是以隐性的形式出现,都不会影响到"被"字的句法性质和位置。由于"被"引导的是TP,所以当动词后出现接应代词时,接应代词不受句内名词短语的约束,但可以受到句首名词短语的同指约束。当"被"字句中出现保留宾语时,句首的名词短语是一个基础生成的话题。保留宾语可以留在原位也可以受到语用因素的影响而移位到"被"和话题中间的位置,可视为另一个话题。把"被"视为一个功能助词之说,与"被"字的其他词性说相比,似乎更具合理性。

Bei in Chinese passive construction is a functional word and occupies the specifier position of CP,marking the NP before bei.Based-generated in the postverbal position the NP is moved to the specifier position of CP serving as a topic due to pragmatic reasons.Bei introduces TP.Whether the specifier-TP position is occupied by a NP or not,the part of speech and the position of bei remains the same.Since bei is followed by TP,resumptive pronouns cannot be bound by the NP in the specifier position of TP but by the NP before bei.In bei construction with retained object the NP before bei is a base-generated topic.The retained object can stay in its original position or move to the position between the topic and bei,which can be analyzed as another topic.Compared with other analyses,the proposal in this paper has both empirical and theoretical merits and is more plausible.