巴什拉想象哲学本体论概述

A Study on Bachelard's Imagination Philosophy

巴什拉哲学思想从总体上看,最为主要的有两大构成部分,一是代表新科学精神的"科学认识论",二是代表新文学精神的"诗学想象论",这两个部分形成了巴什拉独特的"科学—诗学"二重哲思。前者侧重通过反思科学史来认识理性问题,将科学史看成是一连串的"认识论断裂",要想把握现代科学种种不连续的、整合的特征,就应该在理性与经验之间建立辩证、互补的关系。在想象言说方面,巴什拉的诗学想象论作为其梦想理论的哲学背景,主要经历了"四元素想象"和"想象的现象学"两个阶段,突出表现为"想象与认识论障碍"、"想象的物质性"、"想象的动力学"、"想象本体论(梦想意识)"四个议题。受象征主义、超现实主义、分析心理学、现象学等观点的启发和影响。在本体论意义上研究诗意梦想,是巴什拉想象论的独特贡献所在,他于前人弃之不顾的地方斩获了一种新的意识,建立了一种新的批评。其"想象即不在场"不可避免地将梦想意识与物质纠结在一起,不论物质的外表如何,也不论它被感官所感知的现象形态如何,都是想象进行创造和自我认识的基础。巴什拉将想象直接视为一种不在场的存在,一种尚未出场的想象空间,其想象观具有很明朗的本体论色彩。

The most two important aspects of Gaston Bachelard＇s philosophy are ＂epistemology of science＂（which presents the Spirit of New Science） and ＂theories of the poetics imagination＂（which presents the Spirit of New Literature）.These two aspects bring the uniqueness of Bachelard＇s philosophy： the double helix of science and poetics.The former focuses on the rationality understanding through a reflection on the history of science,and considers it as a series of epistemological breaks.The latter mainly examines imagine philosophical ontology.As the background of Bachelard＇s poetics of reverie,his imagination theory goes through two stages which are ＂imagination with four primary material elements＂ and ＂phenomenology of the imagination＂,also it is based on four essential philosophical issues including ＂imagination and epistemological obstacle＂,＂material imagination＂,＂dynamic imagination＂,and ＂metaphysics of reverie＂.Bachelard＇s imagination theory is inspired and influenced by Symbolism,Surrealism,Analytical psychology,and Phenomenology etc.