LNG船火灾爆炸危险性评估与事故预防

Fire explosion risk assessment and accident prevention of LNG ship

LNG属于高度易燃易爆物质,用船舶进行运输时,常以低温常压方式进行储存,由于局部低温冷却产生的应力易使船体产生自发性脆裂,从而危及整个船体的结构。运用美国DOW(道)化学公司火灾爆炸危险指数评价法,对某14.7×104m3MOSS型LNG船的固有火灾危险性、各种工艺控制、物质隔离、防火设施进行了分析与评价,提出了强化人员安全培训、防止泄漏事故发生、保证消防安全设施效能、加强港口安全管理、制定LNG运输安全规范等有针对性的防火安全措施,为积极筹划和参与我国进口LNG项目航运企业的消防安全管理和安全操作提供了参考。

LNG is sensitively flammable and explosive substances.It is often stored at low temperature and atmospheric pressure when it is transported by ship.Spontaneous brittle fracture in hull will happen due to the stress produced from the local low temperature cooling,which seriously hazards the whole structure of ship body.Analysis and evaluation on a MOSS-type LNG ship with capacity of 14.7×104 m3 are carried out in the inherent fire hazard,processes control,fluid isolation and fire control facilities by means of U.S.DOW Chemical Company Fire Explosion Risk Index Evaluation Method.The paper puts forward a proposal in strengthening the personnel security training,controlling leakage accidents,providing fire facilities efficiency,enhancing LNG port safety management and formulating LNG transportation safety standards,etc.,which provides a reference for the inland LNG shipping enterprise to plan and participate in imported LNG project in fire safety management and safety operation.