无铅易切削黄铜的研究进展

Progress in Lead-free Free-cutting Brass

随着世界各国对铅造成的污染和危害的重视,含铅黄铜的使用受到越来越多的限制,开发低成本无铅易切削黄铜迫在眉睫。本文根据无铅黄铜第三组元的选择特性,从组织结构、易切削机理、加工工艺、耐腐蚀性能四个方面综述了国内外无铅易切削黄铜合金的研究现状,并详细分析了铋、锑的凝固行为对合金显微组织和性能的影响,重点介绍了无铅易切削钙磷黄铜合金的微观组织、能谱分析结果、力学性能和切削性能,提出了当前工作中存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望,期待能够在无铅易切削黄铜的研究及实际应用中起到一定的指导作用。

With the attentions of the world on the pollution and harm caused by lead,the use of leaded brass has been restricted more and more,so it is urgent to work out low-cost lead-free free-cutting brass.According to characteristic of choosing the third compositions of lead-free free-cutting brasses,a general review on the microstructure,free-cutting processing and corrosion resistance of lead-free free-cutting brass was showed.In detail,the effects of the solidification behavior of Bi and Sb on microstructure and properties were also analyzed.Meanwhile,the results of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） analysis,mechanical and cutting properties of a newly lead-free free-cutting brass containing Ca and P prepared by authors were given in this article.Also,some problems to be solved were summarized,and an outlook for research trends was presented.It is expected that will play a helpful role in the investigation and practical applications of lead-free freecutting brass.