俄罗斯的政治现代化

Political Modernization in Russia

苏联解体后,俄罗斯的转型实际上涉及原社会主义国家如何走向现代化、民主化以及如何融入当代世界等具有普遍意义的问题。"全面现代化"战略的提出与实施体现了俄罗斯对于这些问题的理论思考和有益探索。"全面现代化"与以往俄罗斯的发展战略相比,其本质区别不在于经济现代化,而在于政治现代化。政治现代化意味着打破现有的政治垄断,实现政治上的多元竞争。这样做可能破坏现有稳定,但不实行政治现代化又很难解决阻碍俄罗斯现代化进程中的腐败、官僚主义等问题,因此在俄罗斯执政集团内部存在不同意见。这种分歧已经对俄罗斯的政治生态产生了重要影响。俄罗斯政治现代化问题从本质上体现的是俄罗斯如何实现传统与现代的融合,如何实现民主化与国情的结合。

Studies tracing Russia’s transition after the disintegration of the USSR practically involves the issues of universal significance of how the originally socialist country headed towards modernization, democratization and integrated into the contemporary world. The raising and implementation of 'comprehensive modernization' strategy epitomized Russia’s theoretical thoughts and beneficial probe on these issues. Compared with the past development strategy of Russia, the essential difference of the comprehensive modernization strategy lies in political modernization instead of economic modernization. Political modernization implies breaking down the existing political monopoly and realizing political pluralized competition. This could undermine the current stability, but unless embarking on political modernization, it would be difficult for Russia to overcome corruption and bureaucracy on its way towards modernization. Hence, there are differences inside the Russian ruling clique and these differences have had important impact on the Russian political ecology. Russia’s political modernization is essentially the integration of its traditions and modernity, and of democratization with its national conditions.