合成氨工业节能减排的分析

Analysis of energy saving in ammonia synthesis industry

催化合成氨技术虽然已经比较成熟,但仍然潜在巨大的节能潜力。当今全球关注的能源问题又摆在合成氨工业的面前,CO2排放也将受到严格限制。合成氨工业的节能减排应当引起人们的高度重视。本文分析了目前合成氨工业的能耗情况及其节能减排潜力,指出节能的方向在于减少提供动力的燃料消耗,即降低合成压力及其动力消耗;节能的重点,就装置类型来说,在于中小型合成氨装置;就工序过程来说,其重点在于转化工段,就单元过程来说,其重点在于不可逆性最大的过程,如燃烧反应,高的温差、浓差、压差的传递过程。但是进一步节能的关键在于调整原料结构和采用高效催化剂及其配套工艺技术。提出了大型合成氨装置采用国产新型高效催化剂,中小型合成氨装置进行降压节能工艺技术改造以及建立以洁净煤气化技术为核心的合成氨-能源多联产系统等相关建议。

Ammonia synthesis is a high energy consumption process and it still has great energy-saving potential.Analysis of the distribution of consumption and loss of energy for the present ammonia synthesis industry indicates that the direction of energy-saving is reduction of power providing fuel consumption,i.e.,reduction of reaction pressure.The most potential energy-saving is the reforming section,and the emphasis of energy-saving is the processes with the highest irreversibility,such as combustion reaction,heat transfer process with a high difference in temperature.The key to and the basic way of energy-saving is adjusting the structure of raw materials and introducing high-efficiency ammonia synthesis catalysts,such as novel ZA-5-type Fe1-xO-based catalyst and matching technology.In order to reduce energy-consumption of the present ammonia synthesis industry,we propose the use of ZA-5 catalyst for large-scale ammonia plant,and restructuring of medium and small-scale ammonia plants from high pressure to low pressure based on application of high-efficiency ammonia catalysts,and a combined production system of ammonia production and energy production based on clean coal gasification as its core technology.