阳离子脂质体运载基因的跨膜机制

Transmembrane mechanism of cationic liposome-mediated gene delivery

阳离子脂质体等非病毒载体以其制备简单、低毒性、低免疫原性、可生物降解等优点,成为近年来基因转运中的常用载体。理解阳离子脂质体运载基因的机制对阳离子脂质体的研究具有重要意义。从跨膜机制和信号调控的角度,介绍了脂质体/DNA复合体以特定构象避免细胞外基质中核酸酶的降解,跨越细胞膜进入细胞的过程;阐明了DNA在信号调控的作用下,逃离溶酶体并安全释放的机制;讨论了基因穿过核被膜进入到细胞核的方式,为进一步阐明阳离子脂质体运载基因的分子机制奠定基础。

Nonviral vectors such as cationic lipids become general vehicles for gene transfer,because of their favorable properties,including easy preparation,lack of immunogenicity,low toxicity,simple biodegradation,etc.It is of great significance to understand the mechanism of cationic liposome-mediated gene delivery.This article introduced the internalization process of the lipid/DNA complex from the aspects of transmembrane mechanism and signal regulation.The way that DNA avoid being degraded by the nucleases,which present in the extracellular matrix,and successfully escape from the lysosome in the cytoplasm,and finally,across the nuclear envelope was also reviewed here.It is conducive to clarify the molecular mechanism of cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer systematically.