永福县水稻两迁害虫发生发展的气象条件分析

Effect of meteorological conditions on migration and occurrence of two migrant insects in rice fields of Yongfu County

【目的】分析气象条件对永福县水稻两迁害虫的影响,为两迁害虫的发生、发展预报及害虫防治提供科学依据。【方法】对永福县2006～2010年水稻两迁害虫的观测资料和气象资料进行对比分析,分别统计各主要气象要素对水稻两迁害虫的影响,并分析影响原因。【结果】两迁害虫的迁入、迁出、回迁均有明显的季节性,春夏季节自南向北迁飞,秋冬季则自北向南迁飞;两迁害虫的起飞和回迁受温度影响较大,迁飞高度与气温关系密切,稻飞虱集中迁飞高度为500～2000m,稻纵卷叶螟迁飞高度多在800m左右;水稻两迁害虫成虫具有趋光性、趋嫩绿性、趋湿性;环境风的风向决定了两迁害虫的迁飞方向,风速决定了两迁害虫的迁飞速度;两迁害虫绝大部分集中在黄昏时分起飞,90.5%的两迁害虫集中在黄昏日落前20min内起飞。【结论】影响永福县水稻两迁害虫的基本气象条件主要有温度、降水、湿度、下沉气流、环境风和光照等,温度是决定两迁害虫起飞的主要因子,降水和下沉气流迫使迁飞害虫降落,环境风决定了害虫的迁飞方向和迁飞速度,光照对两迁害虫的活动有影响但不是限制因子,它影响昆虫在一天中适宜迁飞的时间。

[Objective]The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of meteorological conditions on two migrant insects in rice fields of Yongfu County, Guangxi, in order to develop control and prevention measures for migrant insects. [Method]The meteorological conditions of the affected area were investigated and their effects on migration of insects in Yongfu County during 2006-2010 were analyzed. [Result]The migration of two insects clearly showed their relations to the seasonal changes, they migrated from the south to the north in spring and summer, and from the north to the south in autumn and winter. Their movement from one place to other was mainly found to be influenced by temperature, which was closely related to migration height. The centralized migration height of rice plant hopper was 500-2000 cm, while that of rice leaf roller was about 800 cm. The adults migrant insects were found to have tendency to light, tender green and wet environmental conditions. The migration path and speed of the insects were found to decide by the wind direction and its velocity, respectively. The major population of the rice plant hoppers （90.5%） mainly found to fly in 20 min before sunset in the dusk. [Conclusion]The basic meteorological conditions, viz., temperature, subsidence, temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind direction and velocity, light illumination, etc., affected the migration of insects in rice fields of Yongfu County. Temperature was the main factor for deciding fly of insects, rainfall and subsidence forced the insects landing, the migration direction and speed of insects were most affected by the winds, and illumination influenced the suitable time for the migration of insects.