市民社会理论的谱系——从霍布斯到马克思

The Genealogy of Civil Society Theory——From Hobbes to Marx

自霍布斯以来,市民社会理论的发展经历了几个重要的发展阶段,第一阶段是市民社会与自然状态的对立,第二阶段围绕着市民社会与政治国家的对立展开。洛克试图用市民社会来替代政治国家,此举遭到了卢梭等人的强烈攻击;黑格尔试图确立国家相对于市民社会的优先性,但却忽视了市民社会的政治属性;马克思最终深刻地揭示市民社会同政治国家之间的复杂关系,并因此开拓了法律与管理的新领域。

The Civil Society theory have experienced several important periods since from Hobbes.In the first period,there is an opposition between civil society and natural state,the second period developed around the opposition between civil society and political state.Put it definitely,John Locke try to use civil society in place of political state,but this movement was fiercely attacked by Rousseau,and then Hegel want to establish the priority of political state to civil state,while neglected the political characteristic of civil state.Karl Marx ultimately revealed the complex relation between civil society and political sate,and thus resulted to a new research field,that is the Law and Administration.