围绕公民身份理论的分歧及弥合的可能——兼评自由主义、共和主义、社群主义以及文化多元主义

The Disagreement and the Possibility of Finding the Agreement on the Theory of Citizenship:A Review of Liberalism,Republicanism,Communitarianism and Multiculturalism

盛行于20世纪90年代的公民身份理论成为西方主流政治思潮相互争论的焦点议题,因而,不可避免地造成该理论内部巨大张力。本文立足当代西方政治哲学语境,探讨四种主要政治思想围绕公民身份问题的本质分歧和弥合的可能。首先,就"何种善""、何种自我"问题,比较自由主义、共和主义、社群主义、文化多元主义对公民身份问题分歧的根源;然后,探讨自由主义对其他思潮包容和妥协的可能性,诠释四种思潮影响下的公民身份理论在多大程度上与协商民主这一实践理论相契合。

The theory of citizenship, which was popular in 1990s, now becomes a controversial issue of contemporary western political thoughts. This is why there are huge tensions within the theory of citizenship. This article concentrated on the differences and possible agreement of the four main political thoughts for the theory of citizenship. In the first part, around the question of ＂the good＂ and ＂the conception of self＂, the paper analyzed the differences of liberalism, republicanism, communitarianism and muhiculturalism. In the second part, the paper talked about the inclusion for liberalism to the challenges of other three political thoughts. At last, this paper tried to find out the agreement of the four thoughts within the framework of deliberative democracy theory.