关于自耕农历史命运相关争论的研究——兼评自耕农在现代社会中兴盛的原因

Researches on the Issues of Land-holding Farmers’ Destiny——A concurrent comment on the reasons for the prosperity of land-holding farmers in modern society

自耕农的历史命运是现代化理论中非常重要的命题。"小农消亡论"指出随着农业现代化的推进自耕农必然走向消亡;"小农理性论"指出自耕农能够适应现代化发展的要求。自耕农经营在现代社会仍然占统治地位,表明"小农消亡"的论断是错误的;"理性小农论"具有一定的合理性,但是并不能充分解释自耕农兴盛的原因。笔者认为生产制度的创新、农业生产的独特性和监督成本等因素促进了自耕农在当代社会的兴盛。

The destiny of the land-holding farmers is a long-lasting topic in modern society.Adam Smith and Karl Marx pointed that as agricultural development went,land-holding farmers would die out.However,A.B.Chayanov and Schultz pointed that land-holding farmers were so effective that they could adapt to the demands of agricultural development.In modern society,the mode of land-holding farmers still lays the dominant position;so Adam Smith and Karl Marx’s judgement didn’t come true.Chayanov and Schultz were right to some degree,however,their statement was not persuasive in explaining the reasons for the prosperity of land-holding farmers.The article points that the innovations of production system,the specif icity of agriculture production and the low supervisory cost play important roles in promoting the prosperity of land-holding peasants in modern society