江西吉安乌鸫的繁殖生态研究

Breeding Ecology of Turdus merula in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province

2009～2010年对江西省吉安地区乌鸫Turdus merula的繁殖进行了调查研究,结果表明:当地乌鸫的营巢时间在3月9日至16日,产卵时间是3月18日至26日,平均窝卵数5·14(4～6)枚(n=14),平均卵大小29·71mm×21·16mm,平均卵重6·63g(n=71)。孵卵和暖巢主要由雌鸟承担,但雄鸟也有暖巢行为,孵化率为65·83%,育雏期13～15d,离巢率高达100%。与高海拔的乌鸫相比,当地乌鸫产大窝小卵,这一特征保证了大窝雏数和高离巢率,繁殖对策属于r-选择。

In order to know the breeding ecology of blackbirds （Turdus merula） in Ji＇an,Jiangxi province,their breeding were investigated from 2009 to 2010.The nesting period of the blackbirds in Ji＇an was from March 9th to March 16th,and the egg-laying period was from March 18th to March 26th.The clutch size was 5.14 （4~6）（n=14）,egg volume index was 29.71 mm×21.16 mm,egg mass was 6.63 g（n=71）.Although the incubating and warming nests were mainly done by females,males also had the acts of warming nests.The hatchability was 65.83%,nestling duration was 13~15 d,and the rates of fledging was up to 100%.Compared with the blackbirds in high altitude,the local blackbirds laid larger clutch size,but smaller eggs.Low altitude blackbirds with larger clutch size and smaller eggs ensured that large brood size and the high rates of leaving.In stable climate and adequate food conditions,low altitude blackbirds had the faster nestling growth and the shorter nestling duration.The reproductive strategy of the blackbirds in Ji＇an tended to r-selection.