RNA在植物细胞中的定位及其研究进展

RNA localization in plant cells and advances of the research

评述RNA在植物系统中的亚细胞定位、定位机制及活细胞中RNA成像的最新研究成果.指出RNA在细胞质内存在多处不同位点,且因存在多种不同的RNA定位途径将RNA运送并释放到特异位点.RNA的亚细胞定位与蛋白质定位、RNA存在状态、极性细胞的生长及RNA在细胞中的功能密切相关,该定位过程对植物建立和维持细胞极性生长有重要意义.目前RNA成像技术的不断更新,表现在利用基因工程技术构建RNA报告分子,直接标记RNA等方法的成功应用,对植物细胞中RNA的定位及其机制研究有很大的推进作用.

RNA localization is closely linked to the subcelluar localization of proteins,translation status of mRNAs,polar cell growth and RNA-mediated gene silence.The process is essential for the establishment or maintenance of polar cell growth during plant development.Recent researches suggested there are multiple sites for RNA localization and multiple pathways that transport RNA to various regions of the cell.With the RNA imaging approaches,including genetically encoded reporters for in vivo RNA imaging,direct RNA labeling,and in vivo hybridization using molecular beacons,great progress has been made on localization of RNAs in vivo and mechanisms in RNA targeting.This review covers current achievements on RNA localization in plants,RNA targeting mechanisms,and studying approaches.