儒法两家治国思想的分歧和结合

The Differences and Combination of Confucianism and Legalism in Governing the Country

儒家主张以德治国,推行惠政、薄敛、节用、爱人;重教轻刑,反对"不教而杀";"君使臣以礼、臣事君以忠",臣子不能欺君,但君主有错应犯颜谏争。法家主张以法治国,峭法严刑,"重一奸之罪而止境内之邪";君主用"术"驾驭群臣;独揽大权建立专制,"人主虽不肖,臣不敢侵也"。汉武帝以后的统治者,根据封建统治的需要,"德主刑辅",德治与法治结合,刚柔相济,成为中国传统的治国方略。

Confucianism advocates governing the country by way of virtue,thin tax,thrift and love.It puts more emphasis on education instead of punishment.The monarch should treat the ministers with courtesy,and the ministers should treat the monarch with loyalty.The ministers are not allowed to cheat the monarch,while the monarch should not hide his errors.Legalism advocates governing with law and strict punishment.It puts emphasis on the punishment of one crime to avoid more evils.The monarch established autocratic monopolized power.The monarchs after Han Wudi,governed the feudal country with the combination of virtue and legalism,which had become the traditional way of governing.