三峡库区重庆段生态与环境敏感性综合评价

RS and GIS-based Assessment for Eco-environmental Sensitivity of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing

在RS与GIS技术的支持下,选择研究区比较突出的土壤侵蚀、石漠化、生境和酸雨4个生态环境要素建立敏感性评价模型与方法,对三峡库区重庆段生态环境敏感性进行综合研究,定量揭示了研究区生态环境敏感性程度及其空间分布规律。研究结果表明:(1)土壤侵蚀以高度敏感、中度敏感和极敏感为主;东北部是土壤侵蚀最为敏感的区域;土壤侵蚀现状与土壤侵蚀敏感性具有很好的对应关系。(2)石漠化总体以不敏感为主,其次是高度敏感和中度敏感;高度以上敏感区主要分布东北部地区,中度以上石漠化与石漠化高度和极敏感区具有很好的对应关系。(3)生境敏感性类型以不敏感为主,其次为高度敏感地区;东北部和南部生境敏感性高,而中西部地区生境敏感性低。(4)酸雨高度敏感面积和比例最大,其次是中度敏感和轻度敏感区;极敏感区呈块状零星散布、高度敏感区和中度敏感区集中片状分布、轻度敏感和不敏感区沿江河带状分布,部分呈团块状散布。(5)生态环境敏感性类型以高度敏感为主,其次为中度敏感区和不敏感区;东北部和南部生态环境敏感性高,中西部地区生态环境敏感性低。

Four factors （soil erosion, rocky desertification, bio-inhabitation and acid deposition） are selected to establish the evaluation model of eco-environmental sensitivity by using the integrated approach of GIS and RS in the present study. This paper conducts an integrated research on the eco-environmental sensitivity and reveals its spatial features in a quantitative way. The results are shown as follows. （1） The strong, moderate and extreme sensitivities are the main types of soil erosion sensitivity. The northeastern part of the study area is the most sensitive area of soil erosion sensitivity. The proposed soil erosion sensitivities were found to be consistent with real soil erosion. （2） The proportion of insensitivity area dominates karst rocky desertification, followed by strong and moderate sensitivity. The northeastern and southern parts of the study area are the most sensitive area and the western-central part is not sensitive. The real karst rocky desertification accorded with karst rocky desertification sensitivity. （3） The insensitivity and strong sensitivity are the main types of the sensitivity of bio-inhabitation. The northeastern and southern parts of the study area are the most sensitive area. The bio-inhabitation sensitivities in the central and western parts of the study area are relatively low. （4） The area of strong sensitivity of acid deposition is the biggest, followed by moderate and slight sensitivities. The extremely sensitive areas spread fragmentarily. The moderate and strong sensitive areas are concentrated and present a massive distribution. The slight sensitive and insensitive areas of acid deposition are distributed along the rivers and streams in a belt-shaped pattern. （5） The slight sensitivity of integrated eco-environment sensitivity is the main type in the study area, the insensitivity and moderate sensitivity take a second place. The integrated eco-environment sensitivity in the northeastern and southern parts of the study area is high. The integrated eco-environment sensitivity in the central and western parts of the study area is low.