湖南瓦乡人体质特征研究

A Study of the Physical Characteristics of the Waxiang People of Hunan

本文对308例(男156例,女152例)世居在湖南省沅陵县的瓦乡人进行了70项体质人类学指标(观察项目25项,测量项目45项)的调查,并计算了21项体质指数,对部分指数进行了分型统计。结果表明:湖南瓦乡人毛发浓密,黑而平直;上睑皱褶出现率较高,眼裂开度中等,上斜型眼裂;少蒙古褶;鼻根较高,鼻梁男多直形、女多凹形,鼻基上翘,鼻翼高度中等;口裂宽度中度,上唇皮肤部多正唇,红唇较厚;耳壳多椭圆或卵圆形,耳垂形状多圆形。体质特征表现为身材矮短,体型中间型;窄肩型;中腿型;超狭面型;圆头型、高头型、中头型;中鼻型。与我国南方其他27个少数民族群体的头面部及身高10项测量值进行聚类分析,结果显示湖南瓦乡人体质特征与云南独龙族及拉祜族最接近,与广西傈僳族、广西侗族及湘西土家族次之。湖南瓦乡人属于蒙古人种的南亚类型,具有现代黄种人的容貌特征。

In this study,the physical characteristics of 308 adults（156 males and 152 females） of the Waxiang people living in Yuanling County,Hunan Province were investigated.Twenty-one physical indices were calculated and their distributions determined.The results were summarized as follows.The hair was thick,black and straight.The percentage of Mongoloid fold was low in contrast to the eye fold of the upper eyelid,which was high.The eye crack was medium height and it’s lateral angle was higher than the medial angle.The nasal root was high whereas the alae nasi was of medium height.The nasal bridge was straight in males and concave in females.The nasal base was upturned in most people.The upper lip was protruding and went beyond the lower lip,and the total thickness of the lips were thicker.The auricle was mostly oval-or egg-shaped,but the lobulus auriulae was mostly rounded.According to anthropometric standards for males and females,the types of physical characteristics of the Waxiang people were mostly of short stature,medium type,narrow shoulder breadth,mesatiskelic type,hyperleptoprosopy,brachycephaly,hypsicephaly,metriocephaly,and mesorrhiny.Comparing the Waxiang people with 27 other minorities living southern China,a cluster analysis showed that the physical characteristics of the Waxiang were most closely related to that of Derung and Lahu in Yunhan,and were remotely related to those of Lisu and Dong in Guangxi,and Tujia in Xiangxi.Thus this research concludes that the physical characteristics of Waxiang people in Hunan Province belonged to the South Asian type of Mongoloid race.